Systemic Development Module Test

QUESTION 01

The early heart develops initially as a:

A. Primitive heart tube B. Four separate adult chambers C. Solid bone D. Neural crest ganglion

QUESTION 02

Cardiac looping contributes to:

A. Spatial arrangement of future chambers B. Formation of skin C. Kidney ascent D. Lens development

QUESTION 03

Cardiac septation helps separate:

A. Atrial, ventricular and outflow pathways B. Foregut from hindgut only C. Brain from spinal cord D. Upper from lower limb

QUESTION 04

Fetal circulation includes shunts because:

A. Gas exchange occurs at the placenta B. Lungs fully perform adult gas exchange C. The placenta has no vascular role D. The heart is inactive

QUESTION 05

At birth, circulation changes importantly because:

A. Lungs expand and placental flow ends B. The heart stops briefly C. The aorta closes permanently D. All fetal vessels disappear instantly

QUESTION 06

The neural plate is derived from:

A. Ectoderm B. Endoderm C. Mesoderm only D. Trophoblast

QUESTION 07

The neural tube gives rise mainly to the:

A. Central nervous system B. All peripheral nerves only C. Liver D. Skeletal muscle

QUESTION 08

Neural crest cells contribute extensively to the:

A. Peripheral nervous system and other structures B. CNS only C. Liver only D. Kidney cortex only

QUESTION 09

Failure of neural tube closure can cause:

A. Major congenital neural tube defects B. Only gallstones C. Only hernia D. Only cataract

QUESTION 10

The cranial end of the neural tube expands to form:

A. Brain vesicles B. Liver lobules C. Long bones D. Lung alveoli

QUESTION 11

Pharyngeal arches contribute to structures of the:

A. Head and neck B. Lower limb only C. Kidney only D. Heart ventricles only

QUESTION 12

Each pharyngeal arch has characteristic:

A. Skeletal, muscular, arterial and neural associations B. Only skin color C. Only venous drainage D. Only lymph nodes

QUESTION 13

Facial development depends on growth and fusion of:

A. Facial prominences B. Vertebral bodies C. Pleural folds only D. Carpal bones

QUESTION 14

Persistence of developmental neck remnants can cause:

A. Cysts or fistulas B. Foot drop C. Carpal tunnel syndrome D. Pleural effusion

QUESTION 15

The primitive gut is divided into:

A. Foregut, midgut and hindgut B. Only foregut and hindgut C. Cervical and lumbar gut D. Right and left gut

QUESTION 16

Adult intestinal position reflects:

A. Elongation, rotation and fixation B. No developmental movement C. Only neural crest migration D. Only bone growth

QUESTION 17

Some abdominal organs become:

A. Secondarily retroperitoneal B. Intracranial C. Intrapleural D. Intra-articular

QUESTION 18

Gut malrotation results from abnormal:

A. Rotation/fixation B. Neural tube closure only C. Cardiac looping only D. Limb bud formation

QUESTION 19

Definitive kidney development involves interaction between:

A. Ureteric bud/outgrowth and metanephric tissue B. Neural tube and notochord C. Trophoblast and amnion only D. Foregut and midgut

QUESTION 20

During development, the kidneys:

A. Change relative position as the body grows B. Remain permanently in the pelvis C. Move into the thorax normally D. Become intraperitoneal on long mesenteries

QUESTION 21

Gonads begin from an initially:

A. Indifferent stage B. Fully mature adult stage C. Neural tube stage D. Placental stage

QUESTION 22

Male and female internal reproductive pathways depend partly on:

A. Selective persistence/regression of ducts B. Only limb rotation C. Only gut folding D. Only placental blood

QUESTION 23

Congenital does NOT necessarily mean:

A. Hereditary B. Present at birth C. Developmental in timing D. Potentially multifactorial

QUESTION 24

A useful way to analyze an anomaly is to identify:

A. Normal precursor and altered developmental event B. Only adult symptoms C. Only maternal age D. Only a mnemonic

QUESTION 25

Formation, migration, fusion, rotation, persistence and regression are examples of:

A. Developmental processes whose disturbance can cause anomalies B. Types of adult joints C. Cranial nerves D. Histologic stains

Systemic Development Test