Research & Evidence-Based Medicine

20 learning units • 100 chapter sections • 200 explained questions. Build a question, judge the evidence and connect the answer with the person receiving care.

Original RAHBAR study material for the Year 3 learning pathway. Educational examples support supervised learning; institutional research and clinical requirements still apply. References & further reading ↓

MODULE 20 / 20

Audit, Improvement & Integrated Appraisal

Bring the subject together: ask a useful question, judge an estimate and improve care through a measured cycle.

Choose an answer and check it immediately. Change your choice to try again. This is a self-study exercise; results are not saved.

Question 01. What closes a clinical audit cycle? A. Publishing the first percentage aloneB. Choosing a titleC. Re-measuring care after implementing changeD. Collecting more data without a standard

Question 02. Which is a process measure for timely antibiotic administration? A. Mortality aloneB. Patient age aloneC. Hospital roof areaD. Proportion receiving treatment within the defined interval

Question 03. What is a balancing measure? A. A random decorative statisticB. Only the most favourable outcomeC. The average of all p-valuesD. A measure of unintended consequences of a change

Question 04. What does the study stage of PDSA involve? A. Publish a causal claim automaticallyB. Examine results against the prediction and contextC. Stop measuring outcomesD. Change the original data

Question 05. Why use a run chart in improvement work? A. Remove all secular trendsB. Prove randomisation occurredC. Preserve the order of measurements over timeD. Replace outcome definitions

Question 06. Attendance improves after reminders while staffing also changes. What limits causal attribution? A. The presence of any numerical dataB. Concurrent changes and absence of a credible comparisonC. Having a defined outcomeD. Reporting the time period

Question 07. What should an integrated appraisal report beyond statistical significance? A. Only whether p is below 0.05B. Effect size, uncertainty, credibility and applicabilityC. Only the authors’ conclusionD. Only the number of citations

Question 08. Does labelling a project audit automatically remove governance requirements? A. Yes, for every projectB. Yes, whenever students collect dataC. No, the applicable institutional route must be checkedD. Yes, if the results are favourable

Question 09. Which is a suitable balancing measure for shorter consultations? A. Only the number of clocksB. Only the colour of appointment cardsC. Missed concerns or unplanned return visitsD. Only the published target

Question 10. What is the best response when evidence remains uncertain after appraisal? A. Invent a definite conclusionB. Ignore patient valuesC. State the uncertainty and plan a proportionate supervised decision or further evaluationD. Start the next study without review

0 / 10 answeredReady for assessment →

References & Further Reading

Use the full methods and relevant chapters when appraising a paper. These sources support further study; the examples and questions above are original teaching exercises.

Reference review: 25 September 2026. Consult current institutional guidance for project approval and clinical decisions.