Research & Evidence-Based Medicine

20 learning units • 100 chapter sections • 200 explained questions. Build a question, judge the evidence and connect the answer with the person receiving care.

Original RAHBAR study material for the Year 3 learning pathway. Educational examples support supervised learning; institutional research and clinical requirements still apply. References & further reading ↓

MODULE 01 / 20

Evidence-Based Medicine & PICO

Turn uncertainty at the bedside into an answerable question, then connect evidence with clinical judgement and patient priorities.

Choose an answer and check it immediately. Change your choice to try again. This is a self-study exercise; results are not saved.

Question 01. Which combination best describes evidence-based care? A. Research findings aloneB. Seniority and habit aloneC. Research, clinical expertise and patient prioritiesD. Patient preference without clinical assessment

Question 02. In PICO, what does C identify? A. The confidence intervalB. The comparison optionC. The recruitment centreD. The clinical conclusion

Question 03. Which question is primarily a background question? A. Does intervention A reduce admissions versus B?B. Is test A more accurate than test B?C. Does exposure A increase disease incidence?D. What is the physiological role of insulin?

Question 04. Which falls-programme outcome is most directly patient important? A. A laboratory biomarker aloneB. Falls causing injuryC. Attendance counted without outcomesD. Equipment calibration time

Question 05. What usually follows acquiring evidence in the EBM cycle? A. Automatic prescribingB. Ignoring applicabilityC. Ending follow-upD. Critical appraisal

Question 06. A study reports only lower cholesterol. What remains uncertain? A. Whether cholesterol was measuredB. Its effect on patient-important cardiovascular outcomesC. Whether a surrogate was usedD. Whether the paper has a title

Question 07. Which population makes a PICO question most focused? A. All people with any illnessB. Every hospital admission worldwideC. Adults living at home with recurrent fallsD. Anyone requesting advice

Question 08. A patient values avoiding sedation over a small symptom improvement. What should happen? A. Disregard the preferenceB. Select solely by the smallest p-valueC. Assume every patient values the same outcomeD. Discuss the trade-off alongside the evidence

Question 09. What does an inconclusive search justify? A. Claiming that treatment is ineffectiveB. Reporting the uncertainty and considering the best available evidenceC. Inventing a supporting referenceD. Omitting clinical judgement

Question 10. Why specify a follow-up period in a treatment question? A. It removes all confoundingB. It guarantees statistical significanceC. Benefits and harms depend on the time horizonD. It replaces the comparison group

0 / 10 answeredReady for assessment →

References & Further Reading

Use the full methods and relevant chapters when appraising a paper. These sources support further study; the examples and questions above are original teaching exercises.

Reference review: 25 September 2026. Consult current institutional guidance for project approval and clinical decisions.