YEAR 05 • ADVANCED CLINICAL

Paediatrics

20 learning units • 100 chapter sections • 200 explained questions. Assess children from birth through adolescence, recognise urgent illness and plan safe treatment, prevention and family-centred follow-up.

Original RAHBAR study material for the Year 5 learning pathway. Clinical cases support supervised undergraduate learning. Treatment choices, doses and procedures must follow current local protocols and the responsible clinical team. References & further reading ↓

MODULE 12 / 20

Urinary Infection, Nephrotic Syndrome & Renal Care

Assess urinary symptoms and renal warning signs with appropriate samples and monitoring.

Choose an answer and check it immediately. Change your choice to try again. This is a self-study exercise; results are not saved.

Question 01. How can UTI present in an infant? A. Only adult-type dysuriaB. Only visible bloodC. Fever or poor feeding without clear urinary symptomsD. Only daytime wetting

Question 02. Why does urine collection quality matter? A. All samples are equally reliableB. Contamination can produce misleading resultsC. Culture is never usefulD. It changes the child’s age

Question 03. When feasible, urine should be collected when? A. Only after every dose is completedB. Never in a febrile infantC. Before antibiotics without delaying urgent careD. Only during sleep

Question 04. What should happen when urine culture results return? A. Review diagnosis and antibiotic suitabilityB. Ignore them if a prescription was issuedC. Automatically repeat the same drugD. Delete the follow-up plan

Question 05. Does every first uncomplicated UTI need identical imaging? A. YesB. Only if the child attends schoolC. NoD. Only in winter

Question 06. Oedema with marked proteinuria suggests which syndrome? A. Nephrotic syndromeB. Uncomplicated rhinitisC. Isolated iron deficiencyD. Simple constipation

Question 07. Can a visibly oedematous child have reduced effective circulating volume? A. NoB. Only after adulthoodC. YesD. Only if proteinuria is absent

Question 08. Haematuria with hypertension and reduced urine suggests what concern? A. Guaranteed harmless discolourationB. Normal hydrationC. Nephritic or other significant renal diseaseD. Isolated feeding preference

Question 09. Which renal feature warrants urgent escalation? A. Stable normal urine outputB. Pulmonary oedema or severe hypertensionC. Resolved mild dysuria aloneD. Normal activity alone

Question 10. What should be reviewed when kidney function deteriorates? A. Only the child’s heightB. Fluid balance and potentially nephrotoxic medicinesC. Only old vaccination datesD. No current treatment

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References & Further Reading

Read the relevant guideline sections alongside these original clinical teaching cases. Local pathways, available services and individual patient factors determine care.

Reference review: 28 September 2026. Consult current local protocols for prescribing, procedures and escalation.