YEAR 04 • MAJOR CLINICAL DISCIPLINES

Ophthalmology

20 learning units • 100 chapter sections • 200 explained questions. Assess visual symptoms, recognise sight-threatening disease and plan safe treatment, referral and follow-up.

Original RAHBAR study material for the Year 4 learning pathway. Clinical cases support supervised undergraduate learning. Treatment choices, doses and procedures must follow current local protocols and the responsible clinical team. References & further reading ↓

MODULE 17 / 20

Eyelids, Lacrimal Disease & Exposure

Assess lid lesions and watering while protecting the corneal surface.

Answer all 10 questions, then submit to see your score and explanations. This is a self-study exercise; results are not saved.

Question 01. Lid crusting with chronic irritation commonly suggests what? A. Retinal artery occlusionB. BlepharitisC. Macular holeD. Acute optic neuritis

Question 02. Which lesion is usually acutely tender? A. Stable uncomplicated chalazion in every caseB. HordeolumC. Retinal druseD. Posterior capsule opacity

Question 03. A recurrent lump at the same lid site with lash loss needs what? A. Indefinite reassuranceB. Only stronger reading glassesC. Reassessment for an atypical or malignant lesionD. No examination if painless

Question 04. What happens in entropion? A. The lens becomes opaqueB. The lid turns inwardC. The retina detachesD. The pupil permanently enlarges

Question 05. What problem may ectropion cause? A. Retinal embolism in every caseB. Poor tear drainage and surface exposureC. Optic chiasm compressionD. Immediate presbyopia

Question 06. Why assess the cornea in facial weakness? A. Facial weakness always preserves blinkingB. It confirms the cause of every palsyC. Corneal examination replaces neurological assessmentD. Incomplete closure can cause exposure injury

Question 07. Painful redness over the lacrimal sac suggests what? A. CataractB. AmblyopiaC. DacryocystitisD. Retinal detachment

Question 08. Which feature increases urgency in a patient with lacrimal swelling? A. Stable tearing aloneB. Normal vision aloneC. Longstanding mild wind sensitivityD. Fever with spreading swelling or orbital signs

Question 09. Can reflex tearing cause epiphora without a blocked duct? A. No, obstruction is compulsoryB. YesC. Only after retinal laserD. Only in newborns

Question 10. What should be arranged for someone unable to perform prescribed eye protection? A. Discharge without checking supportB. Stopping all protectionC. Assuming independence from age aloneD. Practical support and clear review instructions

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References & Further Reading

Read the relevant guideline sections alongside these original clinical teaching cases. Local pathways, available services and individual patient factors determine care.

College of Optometrists — Clinical management guidelines

Reference review: 28 September 2026. Consult current local protocols for prescribing, procedures and escalation.