YEAR 04 • MAJOR CLINICAL DISCIPLINES

Ophthalmology

20 learning units • 100 chapter sections • 200 explained questions. Assess visual symptoms, recognise sight-threatening disease and plan safe treatment, referral and follow-up.

Original RAHBAR study material for the Year 4 learning pathway. Clinical cases support supervised undergraduate learning. Treatment choices, doses and procedures must follow current local protocols and the responsible clinical team. References & further reading ↓

MODULE 16 / 20

Paediatric Eye Disease & Red Reflex

Recognise childhood signs requiring timely treatment or urgent specialist referral.

Answer all 10 questions, then submit to see your score and explanations. This is a self-study exercise; results are not saved.

Question 01. A white pupillary reflex in a child requires what? A. Routine review at school ageB. Urgent specialist eye assessmentC. Reassurance from normal behaviour aloneD. Antibiotic drops without examination

Question 02. Which serious diagnosis belongs in the differential for leukocoria? A. Simple presbyopiaB. RetinoblastomaC. Adult dry-eye disease onlyD. Isolated blepharitis only

Question 03. Why is a visually significant congenital cataract time sensitive? A. It always resolves spontaneouslyB. It only affects cosmetic appearanceC. It can impair visual development through deprivationD. It prevents all retinal disease

Question 04. Tearing, photophobia and an enlarged cloudy cornea suggest what? A. Childhood glaucomaB. Uncomplicated seasonal allergy aloneC. Normal infant vision in every caseD. Presbyopia

Question 05. How should a credible parental report of a repeated white reflex be handled? A. Dismiss it because the child is comfortableB. Wait until the child can readC. Take it seriously and arrange assessmentD. Diagnose normality from one normal photograph

Question 06. Why use age-appropriate visual tests in children? A. Children have identical cooperation to adultsB. It eliminates the need for eye examinationC. It diagnoses all retinal tumoursD. Standard adult testing may not reliably measure their ability

Question 07. Who needs retinopathy of prematurity screening? A. Every healthy adultB. Only infants with a visible white reflexC. Only children reporting floatersD. Infants meeting the local neonatal risk criteria

Question 08. What is essential when an at-risk premature infant transfers hospital? A. Restart follow-up only at school ageB. Assume the receiving team knows the scheduleC. Stop screening if feeding improvesD. Communicate the screening status and next appointment

Question 09. Marked eye discharge in a newborn should prompt what? A. Routine reassurance without examinationB. Contact lensesC. Waiting until discharge stops spontaneouslyD. Prompt assessment through a neonatal eye-infection pathway

Question 10. How should concerning inconsistencies in an injury history be approached? A. Accusation without assessmentB. Ignoring the findingsC. Accurate documentation and the local safeguarding pathwayD. Discussing confidential details publicly

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References & Further Reading

Read the relevant guideline sections alongside these original clinical teaching cases. Local pathways, available services and individual patient factors determine care.

Reference review: 28 September 2026. Consult current local protocols for prescribing, procedures and escalation.