YEAR 04 • MAJOR CLINICAL DISCIPLINES

Ophthalmology

20 learning units • 100 chapter sections • 200 explained questions. Assess visual symptoms, recognise sight-threatening disease and plan safe treatment, referral and follow-up.

Original RAHBAR study material for the Year 4 learning pathway. Clinical cases support supervised undergraduate learning. Treatment choices, doses and procedures must follow current local protocols and the responsible clinical team. References & further reading ↓

MODULE 11 / 20

Macular Degeneration & Central Visual Loss

Assess distortion and central blur, recognise active disease and support useful vision.

Answer all 10 questions, then submit to see your score and explanations. This is a self-study exercise; results are not saved.

Question 01. Which complaint particularly suggests macular dysfunction? A. Isolated eyelid itchB. Pain only on touching the browC. A normal near chart in both eyesD. Straight lines appear distorted

Question 02. Why assess each eye separately in possible AMD? A. The better eye can mask changeB. AMD always affects both eyes identicallyC. Binocular testing is never possibleD. It measures intraocular pressure

Question 03. What are drusen associated with in the appropriate context? A. Corneal bacterial ulcersB. Acute orbital cellulitisC. Testicular diseaseD. Age-related macular changes

Question 04. Does every druse imply imminent profound visual loss? A. Yes, within a fixed periodB. No, risk depends on the overall stage and findingsC. Yes, regardless of other findingsD. Only if reading glasses are worn

Question 05. New central distortion with rapid decline requires what? A. Urgent macular assessmentB. Routine review in a yearC. Spectacles only without examinationD. Reassurance because there is no pain

Question 06. Which investigation commonly helps assess macular activity? A. TympanometryB. OCTC. Lung spirometryD. Urine microscopy alone

Question 07. Which treatment is used for suitable active neovascular AMD? A. Routine antibiotic ointment aloneB. Patching the better eye indefinitelyC. Cataract dropsD. Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy

Question 08. How should AMD supplements be discussed? A. They cure all AMDB. They are stage-specific options after professional adviceC. They replace urgent assessment of new distortionD. They are necessary for everyone with any blur

Question 09. Which practical measure may help with established central visual loss? A. Stopping all reading attemptsB. Removing every visual aidC. Magnification and improved lightingD. Avoiding rehabilitation

Question 10. Does a normal self-check override persistent new visual symptoms? A. Yes, alwaysB. No, symptoms still need assessmentC. Only if performed in daylightD. Only if the person wears spectacles

0 / 10 answered

References & Further Reading

Read the relevant guideline sections alongside these original clinical teaching cases. Local pathways, available services and individual patient factors determine care.

NICE NG82 — Age-related macular degeneration

Reference review: 28 September 2026. Consult current local protocols for prescribing, procedures and escalation.