Pharmacology Practice

20 learning units • 10 questions per unit • 200 explained questions

Module 13 — Endocrine & Metabolic Pharmacology

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Question 01 • Single best answer

Which receptor mechanism mediates insulin action?

A. Ligand-gated chloride channel B. Receptor tyrosine kinase C. Nuclear thyroid receptor D. Muscarinic G-protein receptor

Question 02 • Single best answer

Which adverse effect is a major immediate concern with insulin?

A. Hypoglycemia B. Irreversible hearing loss in every user C. Complete platelet destruction D. Mandatory hypercalcemia

Question 03 • Single best answer

What is metformin's principal glucose-lowering action?

A. Direct closure of beta-cell potassium channels B. Destruction of pancreatic alpha cells C. Irreversible intestinal glucose elimination D. Reduction of hepatic glucose production

Question 04 • Single best answer

How do sulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion?

A. Open all calcium channels in skeletal muscle B. Close ATP-sensitive potassium channels in beta cells C. Block insulin receptors D. Inhibit thyroid peroxidase

Question 05 • Single best answer

Which drug class promotes urinary glucose excretion?

A. DPP-4 inhibitors B. Thionamides C. SGLT2 inhibitors D. Bisphosphonates

Question 06 • Single best answer

Which complication may occur with SGLT2 inhibitors despite only modest glucose elevation?

A. Scurvy B. Ketoacidosis C. Acute iron overload D. Organophosphate poisoning

Question 07 • Single best answer

Which enzyme is inhibited by thionamides?

A. Xanthine oxidase B. HMG-CoA reductase C. Acetylcholinesterase D. Thyroid peroxidase

Question 08 • Single best answer

A patient taking a thionamide develops fever and sore throat. Which serious reaction warrants urgent assessment?

A. Predictable harmless urine discoloration B. Agranulocytosis C. Increased bone density D. Beta-2 stimulation

Question 09 • Single best answer

Why can abrupt withdrawal of prolonged systemic glucocorticoids be dangerous?

A. The drug converts to insulin B. Every receptor becomes permanently active C. Suppressed endogenous adrenal function may be inadequate D. It inevitably causes thyroid cancer

Question 10 • Single best answer

What is the principal antiresorptive action of bisphosphonates?

A. Inhibition of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption B. Direct insulin secretion C. Thyroid peroxidase blockade D. Central dopamine antagonism