General Surgery

20 learning units • 100 chapter sections • 200 explained questions. Assess surgical disease, recognise complications and connect intervention with safe recovery and follow-up.

Original RAHBAR study material for the Year 4 learning pathway. Clinical cases support supervised undergraduate learning. Treatment choices, doses and procedures must follow current local protocols and the responsible clinical team. References & further reading ↓

MODULE 18 / 20

Urological Emergencies & Obstruction

Recognise infected obstruction, retention and acute scrotal emergencies without delaying specialist care.

Choose an answer and check it immediately. Change your choice to try again. This is a self-study exercise; results are not saved.

Question 01. Fever, flank pain and an obstructed kidney require which response? A. Urgent urological assessment, antibiotics and drainage considerationB. Analgesia alone and routine dischargeC. Elective review after several monthsD. Fluid restriction as the sole treatment

Question 02. Why might antibiotics alone fail in infected urinary obstruction? A. The obstructed infected collecting system may need drainageB. Stones always make antibiotics chemically inactiveC. Fever proves drainage is unnecessaryD. Urine cultures replace source control

Question 03. When is definitive stone treatment usually planned after septic obstruction? A. Before any resuscitation in every caseB. Only if haematuria remains visible for a yearC. Never after drainageD. After infection control and appropriate stabilisation

Question 04. Can a ureteric stone occur without visible haematuria? A. No, visible blood is mandatoryB. Only if the patient has a catheterC. Only with complete bladder ruptureD. Yes, its absence does not exclude a stone

Question 05. Painful inability to void with a distended bladder suggests what? A. Acute urinary retentionB. Uncomplicated biliary colicC. Isolated testicular torsionD. Chronic claudication

Question 06. What should follow repeated unsuccessful traumatic catheter attempts? A. Repeat indefinitely with increasing forceB. Discharge without assessing retentionC. Stop and obtain experienced assistanceD. Assume an empty bladder without checking

Question 07. Large urine volumes after relief of obstruction require what? A. Automatic discharge without measurementsB. Fluid balance and electrolyte monitoringC. Complete fluid avoidance in every patientD. Re-obstruction as the usual treatment

Question 08. Sudden testicular pain with high suspicion of torsion requires what? A. Routine ultrasound in several daysB. Antibiotics first with review next monthC. Immediate specialist assessment without imaging delayD. Reassurance if fever is absent

Question 09. Visible haematuria during anticoagulant treatment should be handled how? A. Attribute it to medication without further assessmentB. Ignore it once the urine clearsC. Evaluate for an underlying urinary causeD. Exclude all malignancy on that basis

Question 10. What must accompany discharge with a ureteric stent? A. No review if pain settlesB. Advice that all stents dissolveC. Named follow-up and removal or exchange arrangementsD. An open-ended plan without responsibility

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References & Further Reading

Read the relevant guideline sections alongside these original clinical teaching cases. Local pathways, available services and individual patient factors determine care.

Reference review: 27 September 2026. Consult current local protocols for prescribing, procedures and escalation.