General Medicine

20 learning units • 100 chapter sections • 200 explained questions. Assess the patient, choose investigations and build a monitored management plan across adult medical specialties.

Original RAHBAR study material for the Year 4 learning pathway. Clinical cases support supervised undergraduate learning. Treatment choices, doses and procedures must follow current local protocols and the responsible clinical team. References & further reading ↓

MODULE 12 / 20

Acute Kidney Injury & Electrolyte Emergencies

Use trends, urine output and volume assessment to identify reversible injury and dangerous electrolyte disturbances.

Choose an answer and check it immediately. Change your choice to try again. This is a self-study exercise; results are not saved.

Question 01. Why compare creatinine with a previous result? A. A meaningful rise can occur within the laboratory reference rangeB. Only the current range mattersC. Baseline values never affect interpretationD. Creatinine always changes immediately with injury

Question 02. Which finding supports possible urinary obstruction in AKI? A. A normal appetite aloneB. Stable visionC. A healed skin abrasionD. Retention symptoms with a distended bladder

Question 03. Should every AKI patient receive repeated fluid boluses? A. Yes, regardless of lung findingsB. Only the creatinine value decidesC. Yes, until urine becomes clearD. No, assess perfusion, depletion and congestion

Question 04. What is the purpose of intravenous calcium in dangerous hyperkalaemia? A. Remove potassium from the body directlyB. Increase urinary flow in every patientC. Stabilise cardiac membranesD. Permanently correct the underlying cause

Question 05. What needs monitoring after insulin-based potassium-shifting therapy? A. Only body temperatureB. Only pupil colourC. Only cholesterolD. Blood glucose

Question 06. Does a normal ECG exclude danger from severe hyperkalaemia? A. Yes, alwaysB. NoC. Only when kidney disease is presentD. Yes, if the patient has no pain

Question 07. What is a serious risk of overly rapid correction of chronic hyponatraemia? A. Osmotic demyelinationB. Immediate cure of every seizure disorderC. Permanent protection from fluid overloadD. A predictable increase in iron stores

Question 08. Which AKI complication can require urgent dialysis assessment? A. An isolated mild rash without systemic featuresB. Stable appetite aloneC. A remote healed sprainD. Refractory hyperkalaemia

Question 09. What does haematuria with proteinuria and systemic features raise concern for? A. Intrinsic glomerular diseaseB. Simple dehydration in every caseC. A guaranteed normal kidneyD. Isolated respiratory alkalosis

Question 10. Why arrange kidney follow-up after apparent AKI recovery? A. Recovery guarantees no future riskB. Residual dysfunction and future CKD risk need reviewC. Creatinine can never change againD. Every medicine should remain stopped forever

0 / 10 answeredReady for assessment →

References & Further Reading

Read the relevant guideline sections alongside these original clinical teaching cases. Local pathways, available services and individual patient factors determine care.

Reference review: 27 September 2026. Consult current local protocols for prescribing, procedures and escalation.